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Beneath the scales: The secret bone armor that helped lizards survive Australia

Scientists have uncovered hidden bony armor—called osteoderms—beneath the skin of 29 goanna species across Australasia, a discovery that radically changes what we thought we knew about lizard evolution. Using museum specimens and advanced scanning, researchers found these structures are far more widespread than previously known, suggesting they may help with survival in harsh environments, not just offer protection. The revelation redefines how we understand lizard adaptation, ancient evolution, and the untapped potential of museum collections.

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