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Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering how the body prevents autoimmune diseases through “peripheral immune tolerance.” Sakaguchi identified regulatory T cells in 1995, while Brunkow and Ramsdell later linked them to the Foxp3 gene.


The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.”

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