Galaxy

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, dark matter, bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek galaxias, literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, range in size from dwarfs with less than a hundred million stars, to the largest galaxies known – supergiants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Most of the mass in a typical galaxy is in the form of dark matter, with only a few percent of that mass visible in the form of stars and nebulae. Supermassive black holes are a common feature at the centres of galaxies. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun.

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Astronomers discover another galaxy seemingly devoid of dark matter

The Galaxy's Spin Is Hiding in the Hum of Gravitational Waves

NASA’s Chandra Observatory spots possible supernova remnant in the middle of our galaxy

Reading the Galaxy's Past

James Webb Space Telescope discovers 'galaxy-killing' wind that may explain why some early galaxies lived fast and died young

The fastest humans in the galaxy just got a spiffy patch to prove it | “It is actually challenging how you measure [Mach] from space.”

The Galaxy That Forgot to Spin

How big can a galaxy get?

Astronomers spot black hole that formed before its galaxy

James Webb Space Telescope discovers a black hole that formed before its host galaxy. Scientists aren't sure how

NASA’s Webb Reveals Black Hole That Formed Before Its Galaxy

The Milky Way may have devoured another galaxy named Loki, and astronomers think they've found its remains

The most common type of planet in the galaxy may not look anything like Earth on the inside

The Coldest “Stars” in the Galaxy Might Actually Be Alien Megastructures

Baby ‘cosmic fossil’ galaxy brings JWST closer to glimpsing the universe’s first stars

Lasers take aim at a galaxy far, far away | Space photo of the day for May 4, 2026

Our Milky Way's 'Zone of Avoidance' holds a galaxy supercluster with 30,000 trillion times the sun's mass

Hubble Captures Spiral Galaxy Packed with Brilliant Star Clusters: NGC 3137

What is the Most Common Type of Planet in the Galaxy?

JWST discovers ‘red monster’ galaxy that challenges astronomers’ understanding of the early universe